Arthritis in Pets

What to Know and How to Help

As the weather warms up, many of us look forward to spending more time outdoors with our four-legged companions. Whether it’s hikes, trips to the dog park, neighborhood strolls, or backyard playtime, spring and summer offer countless opportunities for pets to be active and enjoy life. However, while these activities are great for most pets, they can be challenging—and even painful—for others, especially those living with arthritis.

Just like humans, animals can experience wear and tear on their joints over time. Understanding how arthritis affects pets and what you can do to support them is key to keeping your furry friend comfortable and happy.

What is Arthritis in Pets?

Osteoarthritis (OA), often simply called arthritis, is a degenerative joint disease that affects both dogs and cats. It occurs when the cartilage that cushions the bones within a joint begins to break down. Without this protective layer, bones start to rub together, causing inflammation, pain, stiffness and decreased mobility.

This condition is progressive, meaning it tends to get worse over time if left untreated. It most commonly affects weight-bearing joints such as the hips, knees, elbows, shoulders, and spine.

While arthritis is more common in senior pets, it can also affect younger animals due to:

• Genetic predispositions (e.g., hip or elbow dysplasia)
• Previous joint injuries or surgeries
• Obesity, which puts extra strain on joints
• Repetitive stress from high-impact activities

How to Recognize the Signs

Recognizing arthritis in pets can be tricky, as animals are often very good at hiding pain. However, certain behavioral and physical changes can indicate joint discomfort:

In Cats:

• Hiding or isolating more than usual
• Decreased appetite
• Increased vocalization (meowing or yowling)
• Difficulty jumping onto furniture or window sills
• Limping or stiffness, especially after rest
• Accidents outside the litter box
• Hesitation using stairs or avoiding them entirely
• Decreased grooming, leading to a scruffy coat

In Dogs:

• Limping or favoring a leg
• Reluctance to climb stairs, jump or go for walks
• Sleeping or resting more than usual
• Decreased interest in toys or play
• Irritability or defensiveness when touched in certain areas
• Stiffness when rising from rest
• Increased panting or restlessness
• Slower movement or reluctance to go outside

These signs can be subtle at first and often mistaken for normal aging. But if you notice any of these changes, especially in combination, it’s worth discussing with your veterinarian.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

To diagnose arthritis, your vet will typically perform a physical examination and may recommend imaging, such as x-rays, to assess the joints. Early diagnosis is crucial for managing the condition effectively and slowing its progression.

Common Treatment Approaches:

• Joint Supplements:
  • Glucosamine and chondroitin are popular for supporting joint health and maintaining cartilage.
  • Omega-3 fatty acids (from fish oil) help reduce inflammation.
• Oral Medications:
  • NSAIDs like Rimadyl (carprofen) can reduce pain and inflammation.
  • Gabapentin may help manage chronic pain and nerve-related discomfort.
• Injectable Medications:
  • Adequan (polysulfated glycosaminoglycan) is an injection given every few weeks to help improve joint function.
  • Librela (for dogs) and Solensia (for cats) are monthly injections that target pain receptors directly, providing long-term relief.
• Alternative Therapies:
  • Acupuncture can reduce inflammation and stimulate healing.
  • Physical therapy and hydrotherapy help strengthen muscles and improve range of motion without putting extra strain on joints.
• Home Care Tips and Lifestyle Adjustments. Helping a pet with arthritis often means making some changes at home to improve their quality of life:
  • Ramps or stairs for getting onto beds, couches or into cars
  • Non-slip rugs or runners on slippery floors to prevent falls
  • Orthopedic pet beds that offer more joint support
  • Harnesses like the “Help ‘Em Up” harness to assist pets with mobility
  • Moderate exercise to keep joints limber without overexertion—think short walks and gentle play
  • Weight management through a balanced diet to reduce strain on joints
  • Accessible litter boxes for cats—look for low-sided options they can enter and exit easily

When to See the Vet

If you suspect your pet might be dealing with arthritis, don’t wait. Early intervention can make a big difference. A customized treatment plan from your veterinarian—combining medication, lifestyle changes and supportive therapies—can help your pet stay active, pain-free and enjoying life.

Final Thoughts

Arthritis may be a common condition, but with today’s veterinary advancements and a little extra TLC at home, pets with arthritis can continue to thrive. By staying aware of the signs and working closely with your vet, you can ensure that your furry companion enjoys all the fun and sunshine the season has to offer—comfortably and happily.